The Kyoto Protocol: A Global Commitment to Emission Reduction

Established in 1997 during COP3 in Kyoto, Japan, the Kyoto Protocol set binding targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction among developed nations (Annex I Parties). Covering a range of gases, including CO2, CH4, and HFCs, the Protocol introduced innovative mechanisms like the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Joint Implementation (JI), and International Emissions Trading (IET).

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